The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
3,138 deals with an offer price on the filing, 1,698 of them safe to take a multiple from and 3,084 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 866 | 8.0x | 12.7x | 19.5x |
| EV / LTM revenue | 1272 | 0.7x | 1.6x | 3.5x |
| Premium to unaffected price | 1529 | 19% | 31% | 50% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 275 | 15% | 30% | 47% |
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PetIQ, Inc. 2024-08-07 · Public merger · $31.00 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Energy | $1.3bn | 14.3x | 1.1x | 51% 41% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Thoughtworks Holding, Inc. 2024-08-05 · Take-private · $4.40 a share Board book on file → | Not named in the filing Strategic | Technology | $1.7bn | n.a. | 1.6x | 30% | SC 13E3 All cash |
R1 RCM Inc. /DE 2024-07-31 · Take-private · $14.30 a share Board book on file → | Raven Acquisition Holdings, LLC Strategic | Business Services | $8.1bn | 18.9x | 3.4x | 29% 39% to VWAP | SC 13E3 All cash |
Clover Leaf Capital Corp. 2024-07-31 (filed) · Public merger · $10.00 a share | Yntegra Capital Investments LLC Financial sponsor | Consumer & Retail | $195m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Cepton, Inc. 2024-07-29 · Take-private · $3.17 a share Board book on file → | Koito Manufacturing Co., LTD. Strategic | Industrials | -$6m | n.a. | -0.3x | 25% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Enstar Group LTD 2024-07-29 · Take-private · $336.62 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price Board book on file → | Deer LTD. Financial sponsor | Financials | $6.5bn | n.a. | 5.8x | n.a. | SC 13E3 Includes stock |
Everi Holdings Inc. 2024-07-26 · Public merger · $14.25 a share | International Game Technology PLC Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $1.9bn | 9.3x | 2.5x | 56% 66% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Bally’s Corp 2024-07-25 · Take-private · $18.25 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price Board book on file → | Queen Casino & Entertainment, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $4.3bn | 48.4x | 1.7x | 41% | SC 13E3 Includes stock |
Instructure Holdings, Inc. 2024-07-25 · Public merger · $23.60 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA 1675.1x outside 1x to 75x | Icon Parent Inc. Unclassified | Technology | $4.5bn | 1675.1x | 7.6x | 21% | DEFM14C All cash |
Tellurian Inc. /de/ 2024-07-21 · Public merger · $1.00 a share | Woodside Energy Holdings LLC Strategic | Energy | $951m | n.a. | 11.4x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Augmedix, Inc. 2024-07-19 · Public merger · $2.35 a share | Commure, Inc. Strategic | Business Services | $87m | n.a. | 1.7x | n.a. 169% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Galaxy Gaming, Inc. 2024-07-18 · Public merger · $3.20 a share | Evolution Malta Holding Limited Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $115m | 12.3x | 3.9x | 124% | DEFM14A All cash |
Chuy'S Holdings, Inc. 2024-07-17 · Public merger · $37.50 a share | Darden Restaurants, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $592m | 11.7x | 1.3x | 48% 6% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Envestnet, Inc. 2024-07-11 · Public merger · $63.15 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | BCPE Pequod Buyer, Inc. Unclassified | Business Services | $4.2bn | n.a. | 3.2x | 12% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Surmodics Inc 2024-07-08 (filed) · Public merger · $43.00 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA 503.8x outside 1x to 75x | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Healthcare | $605m | 503.8x | 5.0x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Allego N.V. 2024-07-03 (filed) · Take-private · $1.70 a share Board book on file → | Not named in the filing Controlling holder | Other | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Desktop Metal, Inc. 2024-07-02 · Public merger · $5.50 a share | Nano Dimension Ltd., Inc. Strategic | Industrials | $1.8bn | n.a. | 10.2x | 27% | DEFM14A All cash |
Spirit AeroSystems Holdings, Inc. 2024-06-30 · Public merger · $40.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Industrials | $8.5bn | n.a. | 1.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Infinera Corp 2024-06-27 · Public merger · $6.65 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Nokia Corporation Strategic | Technology | $2.1bn | 56.5x | 1.3x | 28% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Agile Therapeutics Inc 2024-06-25 · Public merger · $1.52 a share | Insud Pharma Strategic | Healthcare | $11m | n.a. | 0.5x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Alimera Sciences Inc 2024-06-21 · Public merger · $5.50 a share | ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Strategic | Healthcare | $274m | 26.8x | 3.0x | n.a. 82% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Sharecare, Inc. 2024-06-21 · Take-private · $1.43 a share | Altaris Health Partners V, L.P. Financial sponsor | Healthcare | $419m | n.a. | 1.0x | 85% | SC 13E3 All cash |
BEST Inc. 2024-06-19 · Take-private · $0.14 a share Board book on file → | Alibaba Investment LTD Financial sponsor | Industrials | -$11m | n.a. | -0.0x | 25% 29% to VWAP | SC 13E3 All cash |
Vapotherm Inc 2024-06-17 · Take-private · $2.18 a share Held out of the premiums: premium of 166%: distressed or misread | SLP Capital Partners, LLC Financial sponsor | Healthcare | $124m | n.a. | 1.8x | 166% | SC 13E3 Consideration not read |
Silk Road Medical Inc 2024-06-17 · Public merger · $27.50 a share | Boston Scientific Corporation, Inc. Strategic | Healthcare | $986m | n.a. | 5.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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