The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
303 deals in this cut, 203 of them safe to take a multiple from and 298 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 141 | 7.3x | 10.3x | 14.8x |
| EV / LTM revenue | 162 | 0.4x | 1.0x | 1.7x |
| Premium to unaffected price | 167 | 20% | 31% | 51% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 35 | 12% | 30% | 43% |
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumi Holdings, Inc. 2016-03-03 · Public merger · $26.75 a share | Samsonite International S.A. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $1.7bn | 14.4x | 3.1x | 33% | DEFM14A All cash |
Apollo Education Group Inc 2016-02-07 · Public merger · $9.50 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA -5.0x outside 1x to 75x | AP VIII Queso Holdings, L.P. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | -$629m | -5.0x | -0.3x | 37% 30% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Mecox Lane Ltd 2015-12-22 · Take-private · $0.11 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $33m | 3.9x | n.a. | 18% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Country Style Cooking Restaurant Chain Co., Ltd. 2015-12-09 · Take-private · $1.31 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $49m | 3.0x | 0.2x | 19% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Homeinns Hotel Group 2015-12-06 · Take-private · $17.90 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $1.6bn | n.a. | 1.5x | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. 2015-12-06 · Public merger · $92.00 a share | Acorn Holdings B.V. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $14bn | 13.6x | 3.1x | 78% | DEFM14A All cash |
Liberator Medical Holdings, Inc. 2015-11-19 · Public merger · $3.35 a share | C. R. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $170m | 7.2x | 2.1x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC 2015-11-15 · Public merger · $2.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Marriott International, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $1.4bn | 1.3x | 0.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
New Rite Aid, LLC 2015-10-27 · Public merger · $9.00 a share | TPG VI Envision BL, LLC Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $17bn | n.a. | 0.6x | 42% | DEFM14A All cash |
Diamond Foods Inc 2015-10-27 · Public merger · $12.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Snyder’s-Lance, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $1.0bn | 9.8x | n.a. | 24% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Belk Inc 2015-08-23 · Public merger · $68.00 a share | Bear Parent Inc. Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $2.8bn | 6.9x | 0.7x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
STEINER LEISURE Ltd 2015-08-20 · Public merger · $65.00 a share | Nemo Parent, Inc. Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $895m | n.a. | 1.0x | 15% | DEFM14A All cash |
Xueda Education Group 2015-07-26 · Take-private · $2.75 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $134m | 70.7x | 0.4x | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Books A Million Inc 2015-07-13 · Take-private · $3.25 a share | Terrence C. Anderson Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $88m | n.a. | 0.2x | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
SQBG, Inc. 2015-06-22 · Public merger · $6.15 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $406m | 25.8x | 8.3x | 21% | DEFM14C Includes stock |
Frischs Restaurants Inc 2015-05-21 · Public merger · $34.00 a share | Holding Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $172m | 7.1x | 0.8x | 21% | DEFM14A All cash |
Omnicare Inc 2015-05-20 · Public merger · $98.00 a share | CVS Pharmacy, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $11bn | 19.3x | 1.7x | 4% | DEFM14A All cash |
iSatori, Inc. 2015-05-18 · Public merger · $2.15 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | FitLife Brands, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $28m | n.a. | 2.9x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Broadview Institute Inc 2015-05-13 (filed) · Take-private · $0.05 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $4m | n.a. | 0.3x | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Dover Saddlery Inc 2015-04-13 · Public merger · $8.50 a share Held out of the multiples: no balance sheet at announcement: EV = equity value | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $46m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Kraft Foods Group, Inc. 2015-03-24 · Public merger · $72.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $51bn | 22.6x | 2.8x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Life Time Fitness, Inc. 2015-03-15 · Public merger · $72.10 a share | LTF Holdings, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $4.0bn | 10.7x | 3.1x | 73% | DEFM14A All cash |
ODP Corp 2015-02-04 · Public merger · $7.25 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price; EV / LTM EBITDA 94.5x outside 1x to 75x | Office Depot Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $3.6bn | 94.5x | 0.2x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Pantry Inc 2014-12-18 · Public merger · $36.75 a share | Couche-Tard U.S. Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $1.3bn | 5.9x | 0.2x | 3% | DEFM14A All cash |
Vaporin, Inc. 2014-12-17 · Public merger · $0.10 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | -$0m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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