The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
320 deals in this cut, 219 of them safe to take a multiple from and 313 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 105 | 12.6x | 18.8x | 29.4x |
| EV / LTM revenue | 178 | 1.0x | 2.7x | 4.8x |
| Premium to unaffected price | 182 | 20% | 31% | 48% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 31 | 22% | 26% | 45% |
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ping Identity Holding Corp. 2022-08-02 · Public merger · $28.50 a share | Project Polaris Holdings, LP Strategic | Technology | $2.5bn | n.a. | 8.2x | 63% | DEFM14A All cash |
Realnetworks Inc 2022-07-27 · Take-private · $0.73 a share Board book on file → | GH Sliver, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $20m | n.a. | 0.4x | 55% | SC 13E3 All cash |
D-Wave Quantum Inc. 2022-07-13 (filed) · Public merger · $10.00 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Technology | $57m | n.a. | 8.4x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
GLORY STAR NEW MEDIA GROUP HOLDINGS Ltd 2022-07-11 · Take-private · $1.55 a share Board book on file → | Cheers Inc. Strategic | Technology | $61m | n.a. | 0.4x | 76% 46% to VWAP | SC 13E3 All cash |
Global SPAC Partners Co, 2022-07-07 (filed) · Public merger · $10.00 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Technology | $43m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Zendesk, Inc. 2022-06-24 · Public merger · $77.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Zoro BidCo, Inc. Unclassified | Technology | $9.6bn | n.a. | 6.7x | 34% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Vmware LLC 2022-05-26 · Public merger · $142.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Broadcom Inc. Strategic | Technology | $68bn | 20.3x | 5.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Switch, Inc. 2022-05-11 · Public merger · $34.25 a share | Company Ltd. Strategic | Technology | $6.9bn | 28.5x | 10.9x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Black Knight, Inc. 2022-05-04 · Public merger · $74.99 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $14bn | 21.0x | 9.5x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Black Knight, Inc. 2022-05-04 · Public merger · $85.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Technology | $16bn | 23.3x | 10.5x | 33% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
BlueCity Holdings Ltd 2022-04-30 · Take-private · $3.20 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price; equity value 16 vs fee-table value 49 | Cantrust (Far East) LTD Strategic | Technology | -$39m | n.a. | -0.2x | 17% | SC 13E3 Includes stock |
GTY Technology Holdings Inc. 2022-04-28 · Public merger · $6.30 a share | CityBase, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $378m | n.a. | 6.0x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Twitter, Inc. 2022-04-25 · Public merger · $54.20 a share | X Holdings I, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $35bn | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. 51% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Datto Holding Corp. 2022-04-11 · Public merger · $35.50 a share | Knockout Parent Inc. Unclassified | Technology | $5.6bn | n.a. | 8.7x | n.a. | DEFM14C All cash |
Sailpoint Technologies Holdings, Inc. 2022-04-10 · Public merger · $65.25 a share | Project Hotel California Holdings, LP Strategic | Technology | $5.7bn | n.a. | 12.3x | 32% | DEFM14A All cash |
Anaplan, Inc. 2022-03-20 · Public merger · $66.00 a share | Alpine Parent, LLC Unclassified | Technology | $9.6bn | n.a. | 16.2x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Mimecast Ltd 2022-02-09 (filed) · Public merger · $80.00 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Technology | $5.0bn | 51.7x | 8.7x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Citrix Systems Inc 2022-01-31 · Public merger · $104.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Picard Parent, Inc. Unclassified | Technology | $16bn | 52.9x | 4.9x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Activision Blizzard, Inc. 2022-01-18 · Public merger · $95.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Microsoft Corporation Strategic | Technology | $67bn | 19.9x | 7.6x | 45% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Zynga Inc 2022-01-09 · Public merger · $3.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Zebra MS I, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $4.1bn | 13.9x | 1.5x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Bottomline Technologies Inc 2021-12-16 · Public merger · $57.00 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA 140.8x outside 1x to 75x | Project RB Parent, LLC Unclassified | Technology | $2.4bn | 140.8x | 5.1x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
McAfee Corp. 2021-11-05 · Public merger · $26.00 a share | Condor BidCo, Inc. Unclassified | Technology | $14bn | 24.7x | 6.2x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
ASPENTECH Corp 2021-10-10 · Public merger · $87.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Technology | $5.9bn | 15.8x | 8.1x | 44% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Inovalon Holdings, Inc. 2021-08-19 · Take-private · $41.00 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA 150.7x outside 1x to 75x Board book on file → | Meritas Group, Inc. Financial sponsor | Technology | $32bn | 150.7x | 43.9x | 25% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Cornerstone OnDemand Inc 2021-08-05 · Public merger · $57.50 a share | Sunshine Software Holdings, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $4.8bn | 28.3x | 5.7x | 30% | DEFM14A All cash |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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