The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
2,121 deals in this cut, 1,695 of them safe to take a multiple from and 2,081 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 865 | 8.0x | 12.7x | 19.5x |
| EV / LTM revenue | 1270 | 0.7x | 1.6x | 3.5x |
| Premium to unaffected price | 1159 | 20% | 32% | 52% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 221 | 16% | 34% | 48% |
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QTS Realty Trust, Inc. 2021-06-07 · Public merger · $78.00 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM revenue 405.4x above 60x | QualityTech, LP Strategic | Real Estate | $7.2bn | 26.5x | 405.4x | 21% | DEFM14A All cash |
U.S. Concrete, Inc. 2021-06-06 · Public merger · $74.00 a share | Vulcan Materials Company Strategic | Industrials | $2.0bn | 11.3x | 1.5x | 30% 28% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
All In FutureTech Alliance, Inc. 2021-06-01 (filed) · Public merger · $1.96 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Consumer & Retail | $66m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Cloudera, Inc. 2021-06-01 · Public merger · $16.00 a share | Sky Parent Inc. Unclassified | Technology | $4.6bn | n.a. | 5.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Bowl America Inc 2021-05-27 · Public merger · $8.53 a share | Bowlero Corp. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $12m | n.a. | 1.4x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
MMA Capital Holdings, LLC 2021-05-24 · Public merger · $27.77 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Real Estate | $356m | n.a. | n.a. | 62% | DEFM14A All cash |
Ondas Inc. 2021-05-17 · Public merger · $6.78 a share | American Robotics, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $165m | n.a. | 53.2x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Ferro Corp 2021-05-11 · Public merger · $22.00 a share | PMHC II Inc. Strategic | Healthcare | $2.1bn | n.a. | 2.1x | 25% | DEFM14A All cash |
Soliton, Inc. 2021-05-08 · Public merger · $22.60 a share | AbbVie Inc. Strategic | Healthcare | $457m | n.a. | n.a. | 26% 34% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Tarena International, Inc. 2021-04-30 · Take-private · $4.00 a share Held out of the multiples: equity value 6 vs fee-table value 129 Board book on file → | Ascendent Capital Partners III, L.P. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | -$49m | n.a. | -0.2x | 27% | SC 13E3 All cash |
W R Grace & Co 2021-04-26 · Take-private · $70.00 a share Board book on file → | Not named in the filing Strategic | Materials | $6.3bn | n.a. | 3.6x | 59% 54% to VWAP | SC 13E3 All cash |
Brookfield Property Partners L.P. 2021-04-26 (filed) · Take-private · $18.17 a share Held out of the multiples: no balance sheet at announcement: EV = equity value Board book on file → | Brookfield Asset Management Inc. Financial sponsor | Real Estate | $7.9bn | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Proofpoint Inc 2021-04-25 · Public merger · $176.00 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA 9214.6x outside 1x to 75x | Project Kafka Parent, LLC Unclassified | Technology | $9.2bn | 9214.6x | 8.5x | 34% | DEFM14A All cash |
Corning Natural Gas Holding Corp 2021-04-22 (filed) · Public merger · $24.75 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Utilities | $125m | n.a. | 3.7x | 51% | DEFM14A All cash |
Welbilt, Inc. 2021-04-20 · Public merger · $24.00 a share | The Middleby Corporation Strategic | Industrials | $4.7bn | n.a. | 4.1x | 54% | DEFM14A All cash |
Marlin Business Services Corp 2021-04-18 · Public merger · $23.50 a share | Madeira Holdings, LLC Strategic | Financials | $171m | n.a. | 31.7x | 65% | DEFM14A All cash |
PPD, Inc. 2021-04-15 · Public merger · $47.50 a share | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Strategic | Business Services | $20bn | 23.5x | 4.0x | n.a. | DEFM14C All cash |
Reservoir Media, Inc. 2021-04-14 · Public merger · $10.00 a share | Roth CH Acquisition II Co. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $248m | 7.7x | 3.1x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Luminex Corp 2021-04-11 · Public merger · $37.00 a share | DiaSorin S.p.A. Strategic | Healthcare | $1.7bn | 20.1x | 3.9x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
ORBCOMM Inc. 2021-04-07 · Public merger · $11.50 a share | GI DI Orion Acquisition Inc Strategic | Media & Telecom | $1.1bn | 26.1x | 4.5x | 52% | DEFM14A All cash |
Leaf Group Ltd. 2021-04-03 · Public merger · $8.50 a share | Graham Holdings Company Strategic | Technology | $264m | n.a. | 1.1x | 21% | DEFM14A All cash |
Protective Insurance Corp 2021-03-26 (filed) · Public merger · $23.30 a share | The Progressive Corporation Strategic | Financials | $272m | n.a. | 0.6x | 43% 49% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
MAGNACHIP SEMICONDUCTOR Corp 2021-03-25 · Public merger · $29.00 a share | South Dearborn Limited Strategic | Technology | $1.1bn | 26.2x | 2.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Houston Wire & Cable CO 2021-03-24 · Public merger · $5.30 a share | Not named in the filing Unclassified | Industrials | $118m | n.a. | 0.4x | 39% 36% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Heron Lake BioEnergy, LLC 2021-03-24 · Take-private · $0.36 a share Board book on file → | Granite Falls Energy, LLC Strategic | Materials | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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