The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
208 deals in this cut, 29 of them safe to take a multiple from and 208 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 0 | Too thin to quote. Widen the cut. | ||
| EV / LTM revenue | 0 | Too thin to quote. Widen the cut. | ||
| Premium to unaffected price | 47 | 14% | 21% | 37% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 0 | Too thin to quote. Widen the cut. | ||
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
No cut here holds enough clean readings to quote.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Partners Bancorp 2023-02-22 · Public merger · $10.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Virginia Partners Bank Strategic | Financials | $123m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Malvern Bancorp, Inc. 2022-12-13 · Public merger · $7.80 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | First Bank Strategic | Financials | $6m | n.a. | 5.2x | 26% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
HV Bancorp, Inc. 2022-10-18 · Public merger · $30.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Citizens Financial Services, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $41m | n.a. | 51.6x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Lakeland Bancorp Inc 2022-09-26 · Public merger · $16.29 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price; EV / LTM revenue 736.5x above 60x | Provident Financial Services, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $810m | n.a. | 736.5x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
PCSB Financial Corp 2022-05-23 · Public merger · $22.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Brookline Bancorp, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $179m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Randolph Bancorp, Inc. 2022-03-28 · Public merger · $27.00 a share | Hometown Financial Group Strategic | Financials | $25m | n.a. | n.a. | 29% | DEFM14A All cash |
Emclaire Financial Corp 2022-03-23 · Public merger · $40.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Farmers National Banc Corp. Strategic | Financials | $122m | n.a. | 39.5x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Prudential Bancorp, Inc. 2022-03-01 · Public merger · $3.65 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Fulton Financial Corporation Strategic | Financials | -$85m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
First Horizon Corp 2022-02-27 · Public merger · $25.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | The Toronto-Dominion Bank Strategic | Financials | $14bn | n.a. | n.a. | 37% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. 2021-11-18 · Public merger · $31.21 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Simmons First National Corporation Strategic | Financials | $382m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Partners Bancorp 2021-11-04 · Public merger · $10.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | OceanFirst Financial Corp. Strategic | Financials | -$120m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
TriState Capital Holdings, Inc. 2021-10-20 · Public merger · $6.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Raymond James Financial, Inc. Strategic | Financials | -$271m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Umpqua Holdings Corp 2021-10-11 · Public merger · $24.05 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Columbia Banking System, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $1.5bn | n.a. | 18.3x | 15% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Valley National Bancorp 2021-09-22 · Public merger · $5.35 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Leumi USA Strategic | Financials | $1.2bn | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Investors Bancorp, Inc. 2021-07-28 · Public merger · $1.46 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Citizens Financial Group, Inc. Strategic | Financials | -$409m | n.a. | -13.4x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Atlantic Capital Bancshares, Inc. 2021-07-22 · Public merger · $27.53 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | SouthState Corporation dated as of July 22 Strategic | Financials | $5m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Reliant Bancorp, Inc. 2021-07-14 · Public merger · $21.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | United Community Banks, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $297m | n.a. | 46.4x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
1st Constitution Bancorp 2021-07-11 · Public merger · $23.53 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Lakeland Bancorp, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $26m | n.a. | 51.8x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Riverview Financial Corp 2021-06-30 · Public merger · $12.90 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Mid Penn Strategic | Financials | $173m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Cortland Bancorp Inc 2021-06-22 · Public merger · $28.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Farmers National Banc Corp. Strategic | Financials | $72m | n.a. | 34.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Vecta Inc. 2021-06-16 · Public merger · $20.25 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM revenue 149.0x above 60x | Mark Silber Strategic | Financials | $15m | n.a. | 149.0x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Select Bancorp, Inc. 2021-06-01 · Public merger · $44.12 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price; EV / LTM revenue 174.5x above 60x | First Bancorp Strategic | Financials | $611m | n.a. | 174.5x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
First Midwest Bancorp Inc 2021-05-30 · Public merger · $21.60 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Old National Bancorp Strategic | Financials | $3.0bn | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
First Choice Bancorp 2021-04-26 · Public merger · $22.25 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Enterprise Financial Services Corp Strategic | Financials | $99m | n.a. | 47.0x | 35% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Flagstar Bancorp Inc 2021-04-24 · Public merger · $48.14 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price; EV / LTM revenue 117.8x above 60x | New York Community Bancorp, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $4.8bn | n.a. | 117.8x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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