The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
117 deals in this cut, 58 of them safe to take a multiple from and 116 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 40 | 11.1x | 14.4x | 19.8x |
| EV / LTM revenue | 46 | 1.4x | 2.3x | 3.5x |
| Premium to unaffected price | 56 | 17% | 26% | 42% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 0 | Too thin to quote. Widen the cut. | ||
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brushy Resources, Inc. 2015-12-29 · Public merger · $2.00 a share | Lilis Energy, Inc. Strategic | Energy | $36m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Global-Tech Advanced Innovations Inc. 2015-12-23 (filed) · Take-private · $8.85 a share Held out of the premiums: premium of 195%: distressed or misread | Timely Star Limited Strategic | Technology | $12m | n.a. | 0.2x | 195% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Northern Tier Energy LP 2015-12-21 · Public merger · $15.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Western Refining, Inc. Strategic | Energy | $1.6bn | 3.7x | 0.4x | 9% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Northern Tier Energy LP 2015-12-21 · Take-private · $15.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Nti GP Strategic | Energy | $1.6bn | 3.7x | 0.4x | 9% | SC 13E3 Includes stock |
Heartland Payment Systems Inc 2015-12-15 · Public merger · $53.28 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Global Payments Inc. Strategic | Business Services | $2.4bn | 15.2x | 0.9x | 21% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
IRC Retail Centers Inc 2015-12-14 · Public merger · $10.60 a share | Inland Real Estate Corporation Strategic | Real Estate | $1.9bn | 18.4x | n.a. | 7% | DEFM14A All cash |
Fox Chase Bancorp Inc 2015-12-08 · Public merger · $21.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Univest Corporation of Pennsylvania Strategic | Financials | $296m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. 2015-12-06 · Public merger · $92.00 a share | Acorn Holdings B.V. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $14bn | 13.6x | 3.1x | 78% | DEFM14A All cash |
American Residential Properties, Inc. 2015-12-03 · Public merger · $8.10 a share | American Homes 4 Rent, L.P. Strategic | Real Estate | $1.0bn | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Hf Financial Corp 2015-11-30 · Public merger · $19.50 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Great Western Bancorp, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $119m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
CommunityOne Bancorp 2015-11-22 · Public merger · $14.25 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Capital Bank Financial Corp. Strategic | Financials | $318m | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Liberator Medical Holdings, Inc. 2015-11-19 · Public merger · $3.35 a share | C. R. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $170m | 7.2x | 2.1x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Airgas Inc 2015-11-17 · Public merger · $143.00 a share | L’Air Liquide, S.A. Strategic | Industrials | $12bn | 13.2x | 2.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, LLC 2015-11-15 · Public merger · $2.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Marriott International, Inc. Strategic | Consumer & Retail | $1.4bn | 1.3x | 0.3x | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
C1 Financial, Inc. 2015-11-09 · Public merger · $52.42 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Bank of the Ozarks, Inc. Strategic | Financials | $669m | n.a. | n.a. | 21% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Fidelity & Guaranty Life 2015-11-08 · Public merger · $26.80 a share | Anbang Insurance Group Co., Ltd. Strategic | Financials | $1.4bn | n.a. | 1.4x | n.a. | DEFM14C All cash |
RealD Inc. 2015-11-08 · Take-private · $11.00 a share | ReadD Inc. Strategic | Technology | $486m | 21.3x | 3.2x | 4% | SC 13E3 All cash |
RealD Inc. 2015-11-08 · Public merger · $11.00 a share | Rhombus Cinema Holdings, LLC Strategic | Technology | $486m | 21.3x | 3.2x | 4% | DEFM14A All cash |
Targa Resources Partners LP 2015-11-02 · Public merger · $1.26 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Targa Resources GP LLC Strategic | Utilities | $5.2bn | 4.8x | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Targa Resources Corp. 2015-11-02 · Public merger · $1.26 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | Atlas Energy GP, LLC Strategic | Utilities | $5.9bn | 5.5x | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Dyax Corp 2015-11-02 · Public merger · $4.00 a share | Shire Pharmaceuticals International Strategic | Business Services | $280m | n.a. | 2.9x | 35% | DEFM14A All cash |
Furmanite Corp 2015-11-01 · Public merger · $8.25 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price | TFA, Inc. Strategic | Other | $334m | 10.6x | 0.8x | 8% | DEFM14A Includes stock |
Hutchinson Technology Inc 2015-11-01 · Public merger · $3.62 a share | Headway Technologies, Inc. Strategic | Technology | $206m | 14.1x | 0.8x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Medassets Inc 2015-11-01 · Public merger · $31.35 a share | Magnitude Holdings Strategic | Technology | $2.6bn | 32.4x | n.a. | 4% 45% to VWAP | DEFM14A All cash |
Constant Contact, Inc. 2015-10-30 · Public merger · $32.00 a share | Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. Strategic | Business Services | $850m | 16.3x | n.a. | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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