The deal tape
A precedent transactions set answers one question: what did somebody actually pay for a company like this one. Every row here is a US public target that filed a merger proxy or a going-private statement since 2020, with the offer per share, the premium to the unaffected price and the enterprise value multiples read from the filing itself rather than bought from a feed. Choose a sector, an industry code and a size band, and the quartiles above the list are the answer for that cut.
What it is not. Private-company deals, non-US targets and any transaction where no proxy was required leave nothing to read, so none of them are here. Neither are minority stakes or asset sales. Where a cross-check failed, the row still appears and says why, and it is held out of every median and quartile so one bad reading cannot move a number you would quote.
23 deals in this cut, 16 of them safe to take a multiple from and 22 safe to take a premium from. Enterprise value is stated where a balance sheet and a share count could be read at the period end before announcement.
What this cut was bought at
Each measure counts the readings that survive its own cross-checks. Fewer than 4 is a coincidence, not a market.
| Measure | Deals | 25th | Median | 75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 8 | 15.4x | 28.7x | 54.9x |
| EV / LTM revenue | 13 | 1.1x | 2.8x | 6.0x |
| Premium to unaffected price | 18 | 18% | 30% | 44% |
| Premium to 30-day VWAP | 0 | Too thin to quote. Widen the cut. | ||
Read the EBITDA multiple against the revenue multiple before you use either. Where they disagree sharply the target was priced on growth rather than earnings, and the EBITDA line is the one that will not survive a second question.
| Target | Acquirer | Industry | EV | EV / EBITDA | EV / revenue | Premium | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clearwater Analytics Holdings, Inc. 2025-12-20 · Take-private · $24.55 a share Held out of the multiples: equity value 186 vs fee-table value 7,718 Board book on file → | Alsek Investments Pte. LTD Financial sponsor | Technology | $961m | 16.1x | 1.5x | 29% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Zuora Inc 2024-10-17 · Take-private · $10.00 a share Held out of the multiples: equity value 86 vs fee-table value 1,734 | Silver Lake Group, L.L.C. Financial sponsor | Technology | -$92m | n.a. | -0.2x | 18% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Powerschool Holdings, Inc. 2024-06-06 · Take-private · $22.80 a share Board book on file → | Onex American Holdings GP LLC Financial sponsor | Technology | $5.4bn | 33.4x | 7.5x | 15% | SC 13E3 All cash |
MariaDB plc 2024-05-24 (filed) · Take-private · $0.55 a share Held out of the premiums: premium of 189%: distressed or misread Board book on file → | K1 Investment Management, LLC Financial sponsor | Technology | $62m | n.a. | 1.1x | 189% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Squarespace, Inc. 2024-05-13 · Take-private · $44.00 a share | General Atlantic Partners 100, L.P. Financial sponsor | Technology | $6.3bn | 51.6x | 6.0x | 15% | SC 13E3 All cash |
TDCX Inc. 2024-03-01 · Take-private · $7.20 a share Held out of the multiples: no balance sheet at announcement: EV = equity value Board book on file → | Llj Ltd Financial sponsor | Technology | $1.0bn | n.a. | n.a. | 48% | SC 13E3 All cash |
EngageSmart, Inc. 2023-10-23 · Take-private · $23.00 a share Held out of the multiples: consideration includes stock: the cash figure is not the price Board book on file → | Not named in the filing Financial sponsor | Technology | $3.5bn | 65.2x | 9.6x | 23% 30% to VWAP | SC 13E3 Includes stock |
Chindata Group Holdings Ltd 2023-08-11 · Take-private · $8.60 a share Board book on file → | Apg Asset Management, N.V. Financial sponsor | Technology | $7.2bn | 24.1x | 10.8x | 43% 49% to VWAP | SC 13E3 All cash |
China Index Holdings Ltd 2022-12-22 · Take-private · $1.00 a share Held out of the multiples: no balance sheet at announcement: EV = equity value | Ace Smart Investments LTD Financial sponsor | Technology | $67m | n.a. | n.a. | 43% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Weber Inc. 2022-12-11 · Take-private · $8.05 a share Board book on file → | BDT & MSD Holdings, L.P. Financial sponsor | Technology | $1.8bn | n.a. | 1.1x | 60% | SC 13E3 All cash |
KnowBe4, Inc. 2022-10-11 · Take-private · $24.90 a share Board book on file → | Elephant Partners 2019 Spv-a, L.P. Financial sponsor | Technology | $2.1bn | 64.7x | 6.7x | 44% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Inovalon Holdings, Inc. 2021-08-19 · Take-private · $41.00 a share Held out of the multiples: EV / LTM EBITDA 150.7x outside 1x to 75x Board book on file → | Meritas Group, Inc. Financial sponsor | Technology | $32bn | 150.7x | 43.9x | 25% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Qad Inc 2021-06-27 · Take-private · $87.50 a share Board book on file → | Lopker Living Trust Dated November 18, 2013 Financial sponsor | Technology | $1.4bn | 71.6x | 4.4x | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Perspecta Inc. 2021-01-27 · Take-private · $29.35 a share Board book on file → | Fund Management, L.L.C. Financial sponsor | Technology | $6.7bn | n.a. | 1.5x | 50% | SC 13E3 All cash |
58.com Inc. 2020-06-15 · Take-private · $28.00 a share | Gap (Bermuda) LTD Financial sponsor | Technology | $6.3bn | 13.6x | 2.8x | 20% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Bitauto Holdings Ltd 2020-06-12 · Take-private · $16.00 a share Held out of the multiples: no balance sheet at announcement: EV = equity value | Cox Automotive Global Investments, Inc. Financial sponsor | Technology | $1.1bn | n.a. | n.a. | 16% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Sonus, Inc. 2017-05-23 · Public merger · $6.91 a share | Solstice Sapphire Investments, Inc. Financial sponsor | Technology | $251m | n.a. | 1.0x | n.a. | DEFM14A All cash |
Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. 2016-09-12 · Take-private · $0.37 a share | Supernova Investment Ltd. Financial sponsor | Technology | $220m | n.a. | 4.5x | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Jinpan International Ltd 2016-01-24 · Take-private · $6.00 a share | FNOF E&M Investment Limited Financial sponsor | Technology | $98m | 4.2x | n.a. | 42% | SC 13E3 All cash |
Youku Tudou Inc. 2015-11-06 · Take-private · $27.60 a share | Ali YK Investment Holding Limited Financial sponsor | Technology | $96bn | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | SC 13E3 All cash |
Integrated Silicon Solution Inc 2015-03-12 · Public merger · $19.25 a share | Uphill Investment Co. Financial sponsor | Technology | $479m | 16.1x | n.a. | 16% | DEFM14A All cash |
MEMSIC Inc 2013-04-22 · Public merger · $4.22 a share | MZ Investment Holdings Limited Financial sponsor | Technology | $61m | n.a. | 1.1x | 56% | DEFM14A All cash |
Makemusic, Inc. 2013-03-12 · Take-private · $4.85 a share | LaunchEquity Acquisition Partners Financial sponsor | Technology | $18m | n.a. | 1.0x | 31% | SC 13E3 All cash |
How to use a set like this
Cut to the narrowest set that still holds eight or ten deals, then quote the range rather than the median. An interviewer who asks where software takes out will accept a spread and press on a single number, because the single number implies a precision the set does not have. Say which deals sit at each end and why: the top of a range is usually a contested auction or a strategic buyer with synergies, the bottom a controlling holder buying in the minority.
Premiums move with the reference price, not only with the deal. A bidder quotes the period that flatters the offer, so read the premium to the unaffected close beside the premium to the thirty-day average and notice when they diverge.
What each column means
- Enterprise value.
- Offer per share times shares outstanding, plus net debt at the last balance sheet before the merger agreement. It is blank where either piece was missing, and those rows are in the “not computed” band rather than in a size they never earned.
- Premium.
- The offer against the unaffected price, which is the last close before the deal became known. Where the filing states a premium to the thirty-day volume-weighted average, that is shown next to it.
- Deal type.
- A take-private is bought by an affiliate, which is what triggers the Schedule 13E-3 and the fuller disclosure that comes with it. A public merger is an arm’s-length buyer, disclosed through the merger proxy.
- In doubt.
- A cross-check the reading could not satisfy: an equity value far from the fee-table figure, a multiple outside any sane band, or consideration that is partly stock so the per-share cash figure is not the price. The row stays visible, and it is set aside only for the measures the doubt reaches. A cash-and-stock deal cannot price a multiple and still states a premium the filing itself computed, so it counts in one and not the other.
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