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Aswath Damodaran

Professor of finance at NYU Stern; teaches valuation and corporate finance in public

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7 ideas

  • FrameworkValuationVideo located

    A DCF is machinery for one sentence: value is the present value of expected cash flows

    Every cell in a DCF is a claim about future cash or about its risk; if you cannot say which, the cell should not be there.

    The first DCF question in any interview, and whenever a model has grown so large that nobody can say what it is for.

    From Session 3: Intrinsic and DCF Valuation — Laying the Groundwork · Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)

  • ArgumentDeals and M&AVideo located

    Accretion is arithmetic; whether a deal was worth doing is a different question

    Answer accretion with arithmetic and value with evidence, and never let the first stand in for the second.

    Any M&A interview, any accretion-dilution question, and any board case where accretion is offered as the reason to proceed.

    From Session 25: Acquisition, a Value Destroyer? · Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)

  • FrameworkValuationBook

    Every forecast row is a sentence about the business

    A forecast is a story written in numbers; if a row cannot be said as a sentence about the business, it should not be in the model.

    Building or defending a DCF, writing a stock pitch, or reviewing someone else's model.

    From Narrative and Numbers · Aswath Damodaran

  • TechniqueCreditVideo located

    How much debt is the right amount: the cost-of-capital approach

    The right amount of debt minimises the blended cost of capital; the maximum a lender will provide is a different and larger number.

    LBO and leveraged finance questions on how much debt a deal can carry, and corporate finance questions on capital structure.

    From Session 18: Optimum Capital Structure — The Cost of Capital Approach · Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)

  • ArgumentAccountingVideo located

    Stock-based compensation is an operating expense that costs no cash and dilutes you anyway

    Treat stock compensation as a cost of doing business; either deduct it from cash flow or count the dilution, and never ignore it twice.

    Any technology company valuation, any adjusted EBITDA reconciliation, and the interview question about non-cash charges.

    From Session 5: Accounting Inconsistencies · Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)

  • TechniqueDeals and M&AVideo located

    Synergies are worth something only once they are valued rather than asserted

    A synergy is a change in cash flow, growth or risk; value it as one, and only then compare it with the premium being paid.

    M&A interviews that ask how to value synergies, and any deal where the premium is justified by them.

    From Session 12: Acquisition Ornaments — Synergy, Control & Complexity · Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)

  • TechniqueValuationVideo located

    Terminal value is usually most of the answer, and most of the risk

    Check what share of the value is terminal and what multiple the terminal assumptions imply; those two checks catch most broken DCFs.

    Any DCF review, any interview follow-up on the terminal growth rate, and any model where the answer seems too sensitive to the last year.

    From Session 9: Terminal Value · Aswath Damodaran (NYU Stern)